We’ve all experienced having to look twice to differentiate the difference between navy and black … not to mention the infamous dress that somehow appeared both white and gold to some and blue and black to others. But does this mean we’re color blind? Usually not. However, what if distinguishing between red and green, or blue and yellow, presents a challenge? While some clues may be obvious, others are more subtle. Are you confident in your ability to perceive bright colors or differentiate between various shades? Symptoms of color vision deficiency are often so mild that they’re difficult to detect. That’s why so many people with color blindness don’t even know they have it. And people usually adjust to differences in how they see color.

Fortunately, color blindness – or, more accurately, color vision deficiency – is not a form of blindness at all. Most people deemed “color blind” can see colors, but certain hues appear washed out and are easily confused with others, depending on the type of color vision deficiency. In rare cases, individuals have complete color vision deficiency, rendering them unable to see colors altogether.

Color vision deficiency is predominantly an inherited condition that affects males more frequently than females. An estimated 8% of males and less than 1% of females are born with color vision problems, though the numbers tend to shift depending on a population’s heritage.

Following are some of the most common questions surrounding this condition.

What makes an eye different when you are color deficient? Our eyes have two kinds of photoreceptors in the retina that are designed to absorb light. Named after their shapes, they are called rods and cones. Rods are the reason your eyes will adjust in a dark room, allowing you to see basic shapes. Cones are what give us fine detail and color. They work best in bright light. All types of color blindness are related to diminished (or absent) function in the cones.

Can I lose my color vision? Yes, color vision deficiency can also happen if your eyes or the part of your brain that helps you see color gets damaged. Common causes of this are eye diseases like glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration (AMD); brain and nervous system diseases like Alzheimer’s or multiple sclerosis (MS); some medicines, like Plaquenil (a rheumatoid arthritis medicine); and eye or brain injuries, like retinal detachment and some kinds of tumors. Your color vision may also get worse as you develop cataracts (changes in the lens of the eye).

How do I know if I am color deficient? Many color vision tests are available online. Be aware that these online versions may be less accurate, based on the color accuracy of your display. For the most accurate color vision testing, see your eye doctor for an eye health examination and ask for a color vision test. It is administered by a trained professional using standardized testing materials under proper lighting.

When should I get my child’s eyes tested? It can be tricky to notice color vision problems in children. Get your child’s eyes tested if they have a family history of color vision deficiency or if they seem to be having trouble learning colors. Kids who have color vision deficiency may try to hide it. But having color vision issues can make it hard to read certain things at school or do other activities, so get your child’s eyes tested if you’re concerned. There may be modifications that can be made in the classroom and at home to help minimize the impact.

What are my options if I have problems with my color vision? There are glasses that have been developed to increase the contrast between colors, but unfortunately, no accessory can fix color deficiency. In the meantime, the University of Washington is researching gene therapy to study color blindness and reports progress.

While color vision deficiency presents its challenges, it’s not a barrier to a full, vibrant life. Early detection and modern solutions like specialized eyewear can make a significant difference. If you are worried about the health of your eyes or your vision, schedule an appointment with your eye doctor.